Which component prevents the elevator car from descending too quickly?

The governor plays a critical role in the safe operation of an elevator, specifically by monitoring the speed of the elevator car as it moves. If the car begins to descend too quickly, the governor activates a mechanism that engages the brake system to slow down or stop the elevator's descent. This is an essential safety feature designed to prevent accidents due to rapid descents, ensuring that the elevator operates within designated speed limits.

While the brake system is also vital for stopping the elevator, it is the governor that directly monitors the car's speed and triggers the brakes in the event of a dangerous increase in descent speed. The control panel is primarily for the user interface and does not influence speed dynamics, and the hoist cable supports the car but does not have a mechanism for controlling speed. Therefore, the governor is the specific component responsible for preventing the elevator car from descending too quickly, highlighting its importance in elevator safety systems.